question

1. In a computer model of memory, _____ would happen at the keyboard, _____ on the monitor, and _____ on the hard drive.
   

   		storage, encoding, retrieval
   		encoding, storage, retrieval
   		retrieval, storage, encoding
   		encoding, retrieval, storage

1 points

QUESTION 2

1. The following descriptions are characteristic of _____: information lasts for a few seconds or less, a large but not unlimited storage capacity, and transmission of an accurate but not perfect “image.”

   		working memory
   		short-term memory
   		long-term memory
   		sensory memory

1 points

QUESTION 3

1. This explains why you can recall what someone said several seconds ago, even if you were absorbed in another task when he or she first said it.

   		working memory
   		Phonosonic memory
   		Iconic memory
   		Echoic memory

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. When you swallow the last bite of a divine piece of chocolate and continue to experience the delightful taste for a bit longer, you are utilizing your _____.

   		long-term memory
   		mnemonic devices
   		sensory memory system
   		imaginary sensory system

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. Yu-Wai just met a woman he feels attracted to. He keeps saying her name over and over to himself to make sure he doesn’t forget it. Yu-Wai is using _____ to keep this woman’s name in _____ memory.

   		maintenance rehearsal; short-term memory
   		mnemonics; long-term memory
   		a reverberating circuit; sensory memory
   		selective attention; short-term memory

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. Miguel has an average memory capacity. Which of the following lists is the MOST likely to forget?
   

   		IBM, CBS, FBI, CIA, NBC, ABC, ESP
   		ZKQ, LMP, TSC, XRJ
   		Karen, Kathy, Katie, Keith, Kevin, Kim,
   		123, 456, 789, 987, 654, 321

1 points

QUESTION 7

1. Short-term memory receives information from _____ memory.
   

   		sensory
   		sensory and long-term
   		sensory and working
   		long-term

1 points

QUESTION 8

1. Your general knowledge of what you have learned so far in this course is called _____.
   

   		nondeclarative memory
   		implicit memory
   		semantic memory
   		episodic memory

1 points

QUESTION 9

1. Just as chunking is a form of STM organization, _____ is (are) a form of LTM organization.
   

   		parallel processing
   		rehearsal
   		hierarchies
   		massed practice

1 points

QUESTION 10

1. An essay test requires the use of _____ because you must use very general retrieval cues to search the contents of your LTM.
   

   		the encoding specificity principle
   		recall
   		recognition
   		all of these options

1 points

QUESTION 11

1. When taking an exam, students often do better with items taken from the first and last of the chapter covered by the exam. This demonstrates _____.

   		the state-dependent effect
   		source amnesia
   		the superiority of distributed practice
   		the serial-position effect

1 points

QUESTION 12

1. According to the serial position effect, to increase the chance that you will be remembered by your host when introduced at a crowded party, you should try to be introduced _____.
   

   		seventh
   		in the middle
   		fourth
   		either first or last

1 points

QUESTION 13

1. In answering this question, the correct multiple-choice option may serve as a _____ for recalling accurate information from your long-term memory.

   		specificity code
   		priming pump
   		retrieval cue
   		flashbulb stimulus

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. When asked to recall the date of John Kennedy’s assassination, Peter draws a blank; however, when asked whether it was October 24, 1962, November 22, 1963, or February 1, 1965, he correctly answers with the second of the choices. This example most clearly demonstrates the value of ______.

   		state-dependent memory
   		retrieval cues
   		mnemonic devices
   		cross links in deep structure

1 points

QUESTION 15

1. Ebbinghaus found that he could remember _____ percent of a list of nonsense syllables an hour after learning the list perfectly, _____ percent a day later, and _____ percent a week later.

   		10; 20; 30
   		44; 35; 21
   		99; 90; 10
   		50; 49; 48

1 points

QUESTION 16

1. According to Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve, forgetting _____.
   

   		is initially rapid, then slows
   		is initially slow, then speeds
   		occurs at a steady rate over time
   		occurs rapidly in children and older adults, but slower in young adults

1 points

QUESTION 17

1. To measure Anita’s retention of the poems she learned 15 years ago, the time it took her to review, recall, and recite the poetry was recorded. This is an example of _____.

   		a recall ratio
   		relearning
   		reintegration
   		none of these options

1 points

QUESTION 18

1. Tests make you anxious. You forgot there was a test today. Freud might suggest that his theory of _____ applies in this situation.

   		passive aggressiveness
   		unconscious resistance
   		defense mechanisms
   		motivated forgetting

1 points

QUESTION 19

1. Encoding failure is likely due to _____.

   		momentary inaccessibility
   		a failure of sensory memory
   		a problem with STM
   		deciding the information wasn’t important enough to transfer to LTM

1 points

QUESTION 20

1. This is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

   		Paul said “ooks” instead of “oops.”
   		Simon wrote a song, but just couldn’t recall the words at the moment.
   		Art said “white” instead of “black.”
   		Peter experienced a sour sensation when he licked his lollipop.

1 points

QUESTION 21

1. You are likely to forget your old address once you have learned your new one because of _____ interference.
   

   		episodic
   		semantic
   		proactive
   		retroactive

1 points

QUESTION 22

1. Varian is finding it hard to learn Greek in his first year of college because he took Latin in his last two years of high school. This is an example of _____.

   		motivated forgetting
   		proactive interference
   		temporary amnesia
   		retroactive interference

1 points

QUESTION 23

1. An assailant entered a classroom and attacked the professor during class! Of course, it was staged for a learning experience so the professor said, “What did he look like? I only noticed he was really tall,” even though he was actually rather short. When questioned by the police, most students described the assailant as being really tall; this is known as the _______.

   		misinformation effect
   		sleeper effect
   		source amnesia
   		the double bind

1 points

QUESTION 24

1. Jamie heard about a divorce that was printed in the RAG MAG, which she does not believe is very reliable. However, over time, she forgot where she heard about the divorce. The fact that she later came to believe the story was true is known as _______.a) the misinformation effectb) the information effectc) the sleeper effectd) source amnesia
   

   		the information effect
   		the misinformation effect
   		the sleeper effect
   		source amnesia

1 points

QUESTION 25

1. Cramming is another term for _____, which is an inefficient form of studying.
   

   		buddy studying
   		serial studying
   		massed practice
   		priming

1 points

QUESTION 26

1. Students who study in long, unbroken intervals are engaged in _____, and are likely to perform _____ on a test of what they learned.
   

   		massed practice; well
   		distributed practice; well
   		distributed practice; poorly
   		massed practice; poorly

1 points

QUESTION 27

1. Why do your teachers want you to distribute your study time evenly across the semester, rather than cram your learning into a few long, unbroken intervals just before exam days?

   		They want you to be a nerd.
   		They are capitalizing on the sleeper effect.
   		They know people learn better when using massed practice rather than distributive practice.
   		They know people learn better when using distributed rather than massed practice

1 points

QUESTION 28

1. Which of the following statements about culture and memory is ACCURATE?
   

   		Culture affects both the “software” and “hardware” components of memory.
   		Preliterate cultures recall orally presented stories better than literate cultures.
   		Reading a story strongly influences memory in all cultures, regardless of schooling.
   		All of these options are accurate.

1 points

QUESTION 29

1. What conclusion can be drawn from cross-cultural studies of memory?
   

   		People in all cultures demonstrate the same memory abilities.
   		Culture provides experiences and strategies that improve memory for culturally relevant information.
   		People in preliterate cultures have fewer memory strategies than people in literate cultures.
   		Many cultures do not consider memory to be an important mental function.

1 points

QUESTION 30

1. Your vivid memory of what you were doing when you learned about the attack on the World Trade Center is an example of _____.
   

   		latent learning
   		long-term potentiation
   		the encoding specificity principle
   		a flashbulb memory

1 points

QUESTION 31

1. Kelsey suffers from _____ amnesia because he cannot remember the events that led up to the motorcycle accident that injured his brain.
   

   		retroactive
   		anterograde
   		retrograde
   		proactive

1 points

QUESTION 32

1. Ralph fell through the floor of his tree house and found himself in the hospital. He has no memory of his hospital stay, which suggests he has developed _____ amnesia.

   		proactive
   		retroactive
   		anterograde
   		retrograde

1 points

QUESTION 33

1. PET scans of patients with Alzheimer’s disease suggest they have a loss of function in the _____.
   

   		parietal lobe
   		temporal lobe
   		temporal and parietal lobes
   		entire cerebral cortex

1 points

QUESTION 34

1. June-bug has Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the following is she MOST likely to forget?
   

   		why her sisters added the “bug” to her name when they were kids
   		how to shift gears in her Mercedes
   		how to tie her shoes
   		all of these options

1 points

QUESTION 35

1. Researchers have demonstrated that it is _____ to create false memories.

   		relatively easy
   		moderately difficult
   		rarely possible
   		never possible

1 points

QUESTION 36

1. In a study of eyewitness testimony, _____ of the participants who observed a “crime in progress” identified innocent people from a group of mugshots an hour later, and _____ identified innocent people from a lineup a week later.

   		none; 15%
   		none; none
   		20%; 8%
   		63%; 85%

1 points

QUESTION 37

1. If you erroneously recall the reading the word “sleep” on a list of words like “”snooze, nap, rest, wake, doze,” you are probably _____.
   

   		suffering from the sleeper effect
   		experiencing early signs of Alzheimer”s disease
   		constructing a false memory
   		experiencing anterograde amnesia

1 points

QUESTION 38

1. To remember the pathway for vision you imagine yourself walking into your house, noting the cornea peephole in the front door, the entryway fishbowl full of aqueous humor, and a pupil seated in your living room handing you a lens as you enter the dining room where glasses filled with vitreous humor rest on a retinal tablecloth with pictures of rods and cones. This is an example of _____.

   		using acronyms
   		using peg words
   		a psychotic breakdown
   		the method of loci

1 points

QUESTION 39

1. Which of the following supports the idea that elaborative rehearsal leads to better recall than maintenance rehearsal?
   

   		People who study words by counting syllables remember than better than people who study by placing words into sentences
   		People who study words by placing them into sentences remember than better than people who study by counting syllables
   		People who study words by rating the pleasantness of their sounds recall them as well as people who study by counting syllables
   		People who study words by rating the pleasantness of their sounds recall them as well as people who place words into sentences

1 points

QUESTION 40

1. Which of the following persons is using a mental image?
   

   		Karen is savoring her memory of the chocolate truffle she ate last night.
   		Farique is smugly picturing his new Ferrari.
   		Jamila is mentally reviewing the pitch and timbre of the notes in the new song she rehearsed last night.
   		All of these options

1 points

QUESTION 41

1. Which of the following supports the principle of encoding specificity?
   

   		People who study in a depressed mood do better when tested in a good mood
   		People who study under the effects of anti-anxiety medication do better when tested under the effects of anti-anxiety medicine
   		People who study in a manic state do better when tested in a manic state
   		Both b and c

1 points

QUESTION 42

1. All of the following are examples of concepts EXCEPT _____.

   		tools
   		trees
   		blue
   		umbrellas

1 points

QUESTION 43

1. Which are examples of abstract concepts?
   

   		Honesty, intelligence, love
   		Cars, trucks, motorcycles
   		Blue, green, red
   		People, places, things

1 points

QUESTION 44

1. For most psychologists, language is a formal _____, whereas the public generally uses fuzzy _____.

   		definition; descriptions
   		artificial concept; natural concepts
   		mental image; concepts
   		superordinate concept; basic level concepts

1 points

QUESTION 45

1. In everyday “real” life, most of us use _____ concepts.

   		mental
   		artificial
   		natural
   		formal

1 points

QUESTION 46

1. Based on most people’s prototype for fruit, which of the following would take longer to classify?

   		An orange
   		An apple
   		Grapes
   		An avocado

1 points

QUESTION 47

1. When learning a new concept, children are most likely to learn the basic level or _____ first.

   		superordinate category
   		prototype
   		subcategory
   		hierarchy

1 points

QUESTION 48

1. When shown a picture of a poodle, most adults will first classify it as _____.

   		an animal
   		a dog
   		a mammal
   		a highbred

1 points

QUESTION 49

1. Rosa is shopping in a new supermarket and wants to find a specific type of mustard. Which problem-solving strategy would be most efficient?
   

   		Instinct
   		Heuristic
   		Algorithm
   		Mental set

1 points

QUESTION 50

1. CURRENT thinking regarding Whorf’s linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that _____.

   		thought determines language
   		language determines thought
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